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In linguistics, the conduit metaphor is a dominant class of figurative expressions used when discussing communication itself (metalanguage). It operates whenever people speak or write as if they "insert" their mental contents (feelings, meanings, thoughts, concepts, etc.) into "containers" (words, phrases, sentences, etc.) whose contents are then "extracted" by listeners and readers. Thus, language is viewed as a "conduit" conveying mental content between people. Defined and described by linguist Michael J. Reddy, PhD, his discovery of this conceptual metaphor refocused debate within and outside the linguistic community on the importance of metaphorical language.〔Reddy, M. J. (1979). The conduit metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about language. In A. Ortony (Ed.), ''Metaphor and Thought'' (pp. 284–310). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29626-9 paperback〕 Fellow linguist George Lakoff stated that "The contemporary theory that metaphor is primarily conceptual, conventional, and part of the ordinary system of thought and language can be traced to Michael Reddy’s now classic essay... With a single, thoroughly analyzed example, he allowed ==Background== The genesis of Reddy's paper drew inspiration from work done by others in several disciplines, as well as linguistics.〔Reddy 1979, pp. 284–286〕 Research on information theory had led Norbert Wiener to publish the seminal book on cybernetics, in which he had stated, "Society can only be understood through a study of the messages and communications facilities which belong to it."〔Wiener, N. (1954). ''The human use of human beings: Cybernetics and society'' (2nd ed.) (p. 16). Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor. (Also available from Da Capo Press (1988). ISBN 0-306-80320-8〕 Social-systems theorist Donald Schön had examined the impacts of metaphorical speech on public-policy problems, putting forth the idea that people's conflicting frames of reference were often to blame for communication breakdown.〔Schön, D. A. (1979). Generative metaphor: A perspective on problem-setting in social policy. In A. Ortony (Ed.), ''Metaphor and Thought'' (pp. 137–163). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29626-9 paperback〕 Schön's frame-restructuring solution was similar in some ways to Thomas Kuhn's groundbreaking views on the shifting of scientific paradigms through what he called the "translation" process.〔Kuhn, T.S. (1970). ''The structure of scientific revolutions'' (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-45803-2〕〔Reddy 1979, pp. 284–285〕 Research within linguistics (including the controversial Sapir-Whorf hypothesis〔Whorf, B.L. (1956). ''Language, thought, and reality''. Edited by J. B. Carroll. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.〕 and Max Black's arguments against it),〔Black, M. (1962). Linguistic relativity: The views of Benjamin Lee Whorf. In M. Black, ''Models and metaphors: Studies in language and philosophy''. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-0041-4〕 coupled with Uriel Weinreich's assertion that "Language is its own metalanguage,"〔Weinreich, U. (1972). ''Explorations in semantic theory''. The Hague–Paris: Mouton. ISBN 978-90-279-2048-5〕 prompted Reddy to approach the conduit metaphor's exposition and its possible impact on language and thought with caution.〔Reddy 1979, pp. 285–286〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Conduit metaphor」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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